All About Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM)

What Is GSM?

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause, or GSM, is a group of problems that can happen to women after menopause. It affects the vagina and the bladder. These problems are caused by low estrogen, a hormone that helps keep those areas healthy.

Why Does It Happen?

Before menopause, estrogen helps keep the vagina and bladder soft, stretchy, and moist. After menopause, the body makes less estrogen. This can cause the skin in these areas to become dry, thin, or irritated.

Common Symptoms

GSM can feel different for each person. Some common symptoms include:

• Vaginal dryness

• Burning or itching

• Pain during sex

• Needing to pee often

• Leaking urine (pee) by accident

• Getting more bladder infections

These symptoms can be uncomfortable and affect your daily life.

Is It Normal?

Yes, GSM is very common. More than half of women after menopause have these symptoms. But just because it’s common doesn’t mean you have to live with it. There are treatments that can help.

How Is It Treated?

There are a few ways to treat GSM:

1. Moisturizers and Lubricants

• Moisturizers can be used a few times a week to keep the vagina comfortable.

• Lubricants are used during sex to help prevent pain or dryness.

2. Vaginal Estrogen

• A low dose of estrogen can be placed right in the vagina as a cream, tablet, or ring.

• This helps the skin become healthy again and relieves symptoms.

3. Other Options

• Some women may use different medicines or new treatments like laser therapy.

• Always talk to your doctor to see what’s right for you.

Why You Should Talk About It

Many women feel shy or embarrassed to talk about these problems. But you are not alone, and there is nothing to be ashamed of. GSM is a real medical issue, and help is available.

When to See a Doctor

If you have any of these symptoms and they bother you, talk to your doctor. You don’t have to wait or suffer in silence. Treatment can help you feel better and enjoy your life again.